Research and Publications

Quality and Safety

Beissel DE. (2016). Complication Rates for Fluoroscopic Guided Interlaminar Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections Performed by Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists in Diverse Practice Settings. J Healthc Qual.38(6):344-352.

Brovman EY, Gabriel RA, Lekowski RW, Dutton RP, Urman RD (2016). Rate of Major Anesthetic-Related Outcomes in the Intraoperative and Immediate Postoperative Period after Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2016 Apr;30(2):338-44.

Dulisse B, Cromwell J (2010). No Harm Found When Nurse Anesthetists Work Without Supervision by Physicians, Health Affairs, 29:1469 1475.

Lewis SR, Nicholson A, Smith AF, Alderson P (2014). Physician anaesthetists versus non-physician providers of anaesthesia for surgical patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev,7:CD010357.

McMullan SP, Thomas-Hawkins C, Shirely MR (2017). Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist Perceptions of Factors Impacting Patient Safety.  Nursing Administration Quarterly, 41(1):56-69.

Needleman J, Minnick AF (2009). Anesthesia Provider Model, Hospital Resources, and Maternal Outcomes. Health Service Research. 44(Part I):464-82.

Negrusa B, Hogan PF, Warner JT, Schroeder CH, Pang B (2016). Scope of Practice Laws and Anesthesia Complications. No Measurable Impact of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists Expanded Scope of Practice on Anesthesia-related Complications. Medical Care, 54(10): 913-920.

Pine M, Holt KD, Lou YB (2003). Surgical Mortality and Type of Anesthesia Provider. AANA J. 71: 109-116.

Simonson D, Ahern M, Hendry M. (2007). Anesthesia Staffing and Anesthetic Complications During Cesarean Delivery, Nursing Research, 56,1:9-17.

Cost Effectiveness

Cintina I, Hogan PF, Schroeder C, Simonson BE, Quraishi JA (2018). Cost Effectiveness of Anesthesia Providers and Implications of Scope of Practice in Medicare Population. Nursing Economic$, 36(2):67-73.

Hogan P, Seifert R, Moore C, Simonson B (2010). Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Anesthesia Providers, Nursing Economic$, 28,3:159-169.

Lewin Group (2016). Update of Cost Effectiveness of Anesthesia Providers. Nurs Econ. 2010 May-Jun;28(3):159-69. Paul F Hogan 1, Rita Furst Seifert, Carol S Moore, Brian E Simonson.

Lewin Group (2012) presents four case studies that discuss medical and indirect costs involved with chronic pain treatment.

MacIntyre P, Stevens B, Collins S, Hewer I (2014). Cost of Education and Earning Potential for Non-Physician Anesthesia Providers. AANA Journal, 82(1):25-31.

Scope of Practice

Adams, E. K. and S. Markowitz (2018). Improving efficiency in the health-care system: Removing anticompetitive barriers for advanced practice registered nurses and physician assistants. Policy Proposal 2018-08. The Hamilton Project, Brookings.

Conover CJ, Richards R. (2015). Economic benefits of less restrictive regulation of advanced practice nurses in North Carolina. Nurs Outlook. 63(5):585-92.

Federal Trade Commission. Policy Perspectives: Competition and the Regulation of Advance Practice Nurses. March 2014. U.S. Government Accountability Office.

Ghosh PP, Tarazi WW, Ume N, Ferrara EE, Hogan P, Parker ED (2025). Impact of scope of practice laws for certified registered nurse anesthetists on the utilization of anesthesia services. Health Serv Res. 0:e70052. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.70052

Hoyem RL, Quraishi JA, Jordan L, Wiltse Nicely KL. (2019). Advocacy, Research, and Anesthesia Practice Models: Key Studies of Safety and Cost-Effectiveness. Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 20(4):193–204.

Malina DP, Izlar J. (2014). Education and Practice Barriers for Certified Nurse Anesthetists. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 19(2).

Martin, B. and M. Alexander (2019). The Economic Burden and Practice Restrictions Associated With Collaborative Practice Agreements: A National Survey of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses. Journal of Nursing Regulation 9(4): 22-30.

Mills, A., Sorensen, A., Gillen, E., Coomer, N. M., Theis, E., Scope, S., Beadles, C., & Quraishi, J. (2020). Quality, Costs, and Policy: Factors Influencing Choice of Anesthesia Staffing Models. Journal of Healthcare Management, 65(1), 45–60.

Unruh L, Rutherford A, Schirle L, Brunell ML. (2018). Benefits of Less Restrictive Regulation of Advance Practice Registered Nurses in Florida. Nursing Outlook 66(6): 539-550.

Workforce

Anderson BL, Sawyer J, Palmer A, Andrilla CH, Beeson A (2025). Retaining CRNAs who provide obstetrics services in rural communities: Results from a national survey.  J Rural Health. ;41(2):e70021. doi:10.1111/jrh.70021

Cohen, C., Baird, M., Koirola, N., Kandrack, R., & Martsolf, G. (2021). The Surgical and Anesthesia Workforce and Provision of Surgical Services in Rural Communities: A Mixed-Methods Examination. The Journal of Rural Health, 37(1), 45–54.

Coomer NM, Mills A, Beadles C, Gillen E, Chew R, & Quraishi JA. (2019). Anesthesia Staffing Models and Geographic Prevalence Post-Medicare CRNA/Physician Exemption Policy. Nurs Econ. 37(2), 86-91.

Kozhimannil KB, et al. (2015). The Rural Obstetric Workforce in US Hospitals: Challenges and Opportunities. J Rural Health. 31(4):365-72.

Liao CJ, Quraishi JA, & Jordan LM. (2015). Geographical Imbalance of Anesthesia Providers and Its Impact on Uninsured and Vulnerable Populations. Nurs Econ. 33(5):263-270.

Martsolf, G. R., et al. (2019). Relationship Between State Policy and Anesthesia Provider Supply in Rural Communities. Medical Care 57(5): 341-347.

Merwin E, Stern S, Jordan LM, & Bucci M. (2009). New Estimates for CRNA Vacancies. AANA J. 77(2):121-9.

Negrusa, S, Hogan, P, Jordan, L, Hoyem, R, Cintina, I, Zhou, M, Pereira, A., & Quraishi, J. (2021). Work Patterns, Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Job Satisfaction of the CRNA Workforce – Findings from the 2019 AANA Survey of CRNAs. Nursing Outlook, 69(3), P370-379.

Negrusa, S, Hogan, P, Cintina, I, Quraishi, J, Hoyem, R, Jordan, L, & Zhou, M. (2021) Anesthesia Services: A Workforce Model and Projections of Demand and Supply. Nursing Economic$ 39(6): 275–84.

Palmer A, Sawyer J, Beeson A, Rosner S, Padhye I, Andrilla HA (2025). An examination of factors contributing to different anesthesia models in underserved areas. Nurs Outlook. 73(2):102352. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2025.102352

Ruby L. Hoyem, PhD, Lorraine Jordan, PhD, CRNA, CAE, FAAN, Valentina V. Lukyanova, PhD, Trinidad Legaspi, JD, LLM. (2023). Practice Model Trends in Medicare Payments Across States and Regions. AANA J. Vol. 91. No. 5.

COVID-19 Impact

Callan, V., Eshkevari, L., Finder, S., Jeter, L., May, S., Schirle, L., Stulce, J., Hoyem, R. L., & Everson, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist Practice. AANA Journal, 89(4), 334–340.

Everson, M., Wilbanks, B. A., Hranchook, A. M., Hirsch, M., Clayton, B. A., Jordan, L. M., & Callan, V. (2021). From the Operating Room to the Front Lines: Shared Experiences of Nurse Anesthetists During the Coronavirus Pandemic. AANA Journal, 89(2), 109–116.

Hoyem, R. L., & Jordan, L. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19: Findings from the Second Wave of a Survey of CRNAs. AANA Journal, August 2020, online content.

Quraishi, J., Jordan, L., & Hoyem, R. L. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19: Findings from a Survey of CRNAs. AANA Journal, June 2020, online content.