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AANA Peer Assistance
- Peer Assistance for additional information
- Quinlan DS. Peer Assistance Reaches its 25th Year, AANA J. 2009;77(4):254-258.
- Stone L, Quinlan D, Rice JA, Wright EL. The Evolution of a Peer Assistance Network for Nurse Anesthetists' Substance Use Disorder. J Addict Nurs. 2016 Jul-Sept; 27(3):218-220.
Bullying, Disruptive Behavior, Communication
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Boodman SG. Hospitals Crack Down On Tirades By Angry Doctors. Kaiser Health News 2013
- Castronovo MA, Pullizzi A, Evans S. Nurse Bullying: A Review and a Proposed Solution. Nursing Outlook. May-June 2016;64(3).
- Daniels JZ. Bullying in a Least Expected Place. Minority Nurse. January 2015.
- Donahue, B. The Dangers of Disruptive Docs, Outpatient Surgery Newsletter, May 2017.
- Cook D. Mental and Physical Abuse in the OR. Outpatient Surgery Newsletter, January 2017.
- Cooper W. Staffing: Rehab Your Difficult Docs. Outpatient Surgery Magazine. December 2014.
- Geier A. Deal With Difficult Employees Head On. Outpatient Surgery Magazine. March 2016.
- Porath C. An Antidote to Incivility, Harvard Business Review, April 2016
- Vertino K. Effective Interpersonal Communication: A Practical Guide to Improve Your Life, Journal of Issues in Nursing. September 2014;19(3).
- Villafranca A, Hamlin C, Jacobsohn E. Physical and Psychological Abuse in Canadian Operating Rooms, Can J Anesth. December 2016.
Anesthesia/Health Care Professionals and Addiction
- Angres DH, Bettinardi-Angres K, and Cross W. Nurses with Chemical Dependency: Promoting Successful Treatment and Reentry. J Nurs Regul. 2010;1(1):16-20.
- Baldisseri MR. Impaired healthcare professional. Crit Care Med. Feb 2007;35(2 Suppl):S106-116.
- Bell DM, McDonough JP, Ellison JS, Fitzhugh EC. Controlled Drug Misuse by CRNAs. AANA J. Apr 1999;67(2):133-140.
- Berge KH, Lanier WL. Bloodstream infection outbreaks related to opioid-diverting health care workers: a cost-benefit analysis of prevention and detection programs. Mayo Clin Proc. Jul 2014;89(7):866-868.
- Berge KH, Seppala MD, Schipper AM. Chemical dependency and the physician. Mayo Clin Proc. Jul 2009;84(7):625-631.
- Berge KH, Seppala MD, Lanier WL. The anesthesiology community's approach to opioid- and anesthetic-abusing personnel: time to change course. Anesthesiology. Nov 2008;109(5):762-764.
- Bettinardi-Angres K and Garcia R. A Consistent Approach to Treatment and Reentry for CRNAs with Substance Use Disorder. J Nurs Regul. 2015 July; 6(2):47-51.
- Bozimowski G, Groh C, Rouen P, Dosch M. The prevalence and patterns of substance abuse among nurse anesthesia students. AANA J. Aug 2014;82(4):277-283.
- Bryson EO. The Impaired Anesthesiologist: where do we draw the line?. J Clin Anesth. August 2010:22(5): 311-2.
- Bryson EO. Should anesthesia residents with a history of substance abuse be allowed to continue training in clinical anesthesia? The results of a survey of anesthesia residency program directors. J Clin Anesth. Nov 2009; 21(7):508-13.
- Bryson EO. The opioid epidemic and the current prevalence of substance use disorder in anesthesiologists. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology. Feb 2018 (ahead of print).
- Bryson EO, Silverstein JH. Addiction and substance abuse in anesthesiology. Anesthesiology. Nov 2008;109(5):905-917.
- Bryson EO, Levine A. One approach to the return to residency for anesthesia residents recovering from opioid addiction. J Clin Anesth. Aug 2008;20(5):397-400.
- Bryson EO, Hamza H. The drug seeking anesthesia care provider. Int Anesthesiol Clin. Winter 2011;49(1):157-171.
- Bryson EO, Substance Abuse Recognition and Prevention Through Education. Comprehensive Guide to Education in Anesthesia, 2014.
- Clark GD. Substance Abuse Education for Nurse Anesthetists: Differences in Knowledge of Substance Abuse Between Student Nurse Anesthetists Who Have Completed Substance Abuse Workshop and Those Who Have Not. Subst Abus.1996, 17:3;167-174.
- Cohen F. A Substance Use Disorder Educational Session: Influence on Nurse Anesthesia Care Providers' Addiction Attitudes and Perceived Self-Efficacy to Recognize Chemical Impairment Drexel University, 2013.
- Collins GB, McAllister MS, Jensen M, Gooden TA. Chemical dependency treatment outcomes of residents in anesthesiology: results of a survey. Anesth Analg. Nov 2005;101(5):1457-1462.
- DesRoches CM, Rao SR, Fromson JA, et al. Physicians' perceptions, preparedness for reporting, and experiences related to impaired and incompetent colleagues. JAMA. Jul 14 2010;304(2):187-193.
- Doe J. My story: how one Percocet prescription triggered my addiction. J Med Toxicol. Dec 2012;8(4):327-329; 329-330.
- Domino KB, Hornbein TF, Polissar NL, et al. Risk factors for relapse in health care professionals with substance use disorders. JAMA. Mar 23 2005;293(12):1453-1460.
- Dunn D. Substance abuse among nurses--intercession and intervention. AORN J. Nov 2005;82(5):777-782, 785-799; quiz 801-774.
- DuPont RL, McLellan AT, White WL, Merlo LJ, Gold MS. Setting the standard for recovery: Physicians' Health Programs. J Subst Abuse Treat. Mar 2009;36(2):159-171.
- Fitzsimons MG, Baker KH, Lowenstein E, Zapol WM. Random drug testing to reduce the incidence of addiction in anesthesia residents: preliminary results from one program. Anesth Analg. Aug 2008;107(2):630-635.
- Fry RA. Substance abuse by anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand. Anaesth Intensive Care. Apr 2005;33(2):248-255.
- Gunn I. Ignoring the Problem Will Not make it Go Away. The Clinical Forum for Nurse Anesthetists, Vol. 2, No. 3 (August), 1986:p 2.
- Gupta N, Garg R, Gupta A. Addiction in Anaesthesiologists and its Implications on Anaesthesia. J Addict Med Ther Sci. 2014 1(1):009-010.
- Kunyk D, Inness M, Reisdorfer E, Morris H, Chambers T. Help seeking by health professionals for addiction: A mixed studies review. Int J Nurs Stud. Aug 2016;60:200-215.
- Luo A, et ak, Sevoflurane addiction due to workplace exposure: A case report and literature review. Medicine. Sept 2018; 97(38).
- Mumba MN, Baxley SM, Cipher DJ, Snow DE. Personal factors as correlates and predictors of relapse in nurses with impaired practice. J Addict Nurs. Mar 2019;30(1):24-31.
- Quinlan DS. The Impaired Anesthesia Provider, AANA J. 1995;63(6):485-491.
- Roberts C and Burke S. Assessment of the Substance Abuse Curriculum in Schools of Nurse Anesthesia, J Addict Nurs, 11 (1999), pp. 123–135.
- Salerno J, et al. Long-Term Detection of Propofol Glucuronide in Urine Following Anesthetic Induction and Maintenance with Propofol. Pharmacol Pharm. October 2013.
- Samuelson SF, Bryson EO. The impaired anesthesiologist: what you should know about substance abuse. Can J Anesth. Feb 2017;64(2): 219-235.
- Skipper GE, Campbell MD, Dupont RL. Anesthesiologists with substance use disorders: a 5-year outcome study from 16 state physician health programs. Anesth Analg. Sep 2009;109(3):891-896.
- Shaw MF, McGovern MP, Angres DH, Rawal P. Physicians and nurses with substance use disorders. J Adv Nurs. Sep 2004;47(5):561-571.
- Stocks G. Abuse of Propofol by Anesthesia Providers: The Case for Re-Classification as a Controlled Substance. J. Addict. Nurs. 2011 Mar;Vol 22, Issue 1-2.
- Strobbe, S and Crowley M. Substance Use Among Nurses and Nursing Students: A Joint Position Statement of the Emergency Nurses Association and the International Nurses Society on Addictions. J Addict. Nurs. 2017 Mar.
- Srivastava AJ. Impaired Physicians: Obliterating the Stigma. The American Journal of Psychiatry Resident's Journal. March 2018;13(3): 4-6.
- Tsikitas I. High on the Job: Drug Abuse Among Surgical Staff. Outpatient Surgery Magazine. December 2009;10(12): 26-31.
- USA Today. Doctors, Medical Staff on Drugs Puts Patients at Risk. April 2014.
- Vlessides M. Survey details substance abuse among anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology News. April 2019.
- Warner DO, Berge K, Sun H, Harman A, Hanson A, Schroeder DR. Risk and Outcomes of Substance Use Disorder among Anesthesiology Residents: A Matched Cohort Analysis. Anesthesiology. Oct 2015;123(4):929-936.
- Warner DO and Berge KH. Substance Use Disorder in Anesthesiology Residents: Still a Serious Program, Anesthesiology News 2014; 78(7):38-39.
- Warner DO, Berge K, Sun H, Harman A, Hanson A, Schroeder DR. Substance use disorder among anesthesiology residents, 1975-2009. JAMA. Dec 04 2013;310(21):2289-2296.
- Welliver M, Bertrand A, Garza J, and Baker K. Two New Case Reports of Propofol Abuse and a Pattern Analysis of the Literature. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies. 2012; 1(1).
- Wilson JE, Kiselanova N, Stevens Q, et al. A survey of inhalational anaesthetic abuse in anaesthesia training programmes.Anaesthesia. Jun 2008;63(6):616-620.
- Wischmeyer PE, Johnson BR, Wilson JE, et al. A survey of propofol abuse in academic anesthesia programs. Anesth Analg. Oct 2007;105(4):1066-1071, table of contents.
- Wright EL, McGuiness T, Moneyham LD, Schumacher JE, Zwerling A, Stullenbarger NE. Opioid Abuse Among Nurse Anesthetists and Anesthesiologists AANA J. Apr 2012;80(2):120-128.
- Zuleta-Alarcon A, Coffman JC, Soghomonyan S, Papadimos TJ, Bergese SD, Moran KR. Non-opioid anesthetic drug abuse among anesthesia care providers: a narrative review. Can J Anaesth. Feb 2017;64(2):169-184.
Disease of Addiction
- Botticelli MP, Koh HK. Changing the Language of Addiction. JAMA. Oct 04 2016;316(13):1361-1362.
- D'Agostino AR, et al., Social networking online to recover from opioid use disorder: A study of community interactions. Drug Alcohol Depend. Dec 1 2017; 181:5-10.
- Earley PH, Finver T. Addiction to propofol: a study of 22 treatment cases. J Addict Med. May-Jun 2013;7(3):169-176.
- Hamza H. Non-narcotic Anesthetic Options for the Patient in Recovery from Substance Abuse. Perioperative Addiction, 2012, Part 3, 263-282.
- Han E, Jung S, Baeck S, Lee S, Chung H. Deaths from recreational use of propofol in Korea. Forensic Sci Int. Dec 10 2013;233(1-3):333-337.
- Kelly JF, Szitz R, Wakeman S. Language, Substance Use Disorders, and Policy: The Need to Reach Consensus on an "Addictionary." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 201634(1):116-123.
- Kintz P, Villain M, Dumestre V, Cirimele V. Evidence of addiction by anesthesiologists as documented by hair analysis. Forensic Sci Int. Oct 04 2005;153(1):81-84.
- Kirby RR, Colaw JM, Douglas MM. Death from propofol: accident, suicide, or murder? Anesth Analg. Apr 2009;108(4):1182-1184.
- Levine B, Cox D, Jufer-Phipps RA, Li L, Jacobs A, Fowler D. A fatality from sevoflurane abuse. J Anal Toxicol. Oct 2007;31(8):534-536.
- Merlo LJ, Goldberger BA, Kolodner D, Fitzgerald K, Gold MS. Fentanyl and propofol exposure in the operating room: sensitization hypotheses and further data. J Addict Dis. 2008;27(3):67-76.
- Volkow ND, Koob GF, McLellan AT. Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction. N Engl J Med. Jan 28 2016;374(4):363-371.
- Wilson C, Canning P, Caravati EM. The abuse potential of propofol. Clin Toxicol (Phila). Mar 2010;48(3):165-170.
- Xiong M., et al. Neurobiology of Propofol Addiction and Supportive Evidence: What is the New Development? Brain Sci. Feb 2018; 8(2);
Diversion/Workplace Policies
- Berge KH, Dillon KR, Sikkink KM, Taylor TK, Lanier WL. Diversion of drugs within health care facilities, a multiple-victim crime: patterns of diversion, scope, consequences, detection, and prevention. Mayo Clin Proc. Jul 2012;87(7):674-682.
- Dexter F. Detecting diversion of anesthetic drugs by providers. Anesth Analg. Oct 2007;105(4):897-898.
- Epstein RH, Gratch DM, Grunwald Z. Development of a scheduled drug diversion surveillance system based on an analysis of atypical drug transactions. Anesth Analg. Oct 2007;105(4):1053-1060, table of contents.
- Fan M, et al. Diversion of controlled drugs in hospitals: A scoping Review of contributors and safeguards.J Hospital Medicine. July 2019; 14(7):419-428.
- Garcia R, Soelberg C, Wagner D. The roles of the anesthesiologist, pharmacist, and nurse in preventing opioid diversion and misuse. Anesthesiology News. July 2019 Special Report.
- Jones J. Advances in Drug Testing for Substance Abuse Alternative Programs, J Nurs Regul. January 2016;6(4):62-67.
- Lien CA. A need to establish programs to detect and prevent drug diversion. Mayo Clin Proc. Jul 2012;87(7):607-609.
- Moeller KE, Lee KC, Kissack JC. Urine drug screening: practical guide for clinicians. Mayo Clin Proc. Jan 2008;83(1):66-76.
- New K.Develop a drug diversion prevention program. Pharmacy Purchasing and Products. June 2015; 12(6):2.
- New K. Preventing, detecting, and investigating drug diversion in health care facilities. J Nurs Regul. April 2014;5(1):18-25.
- New K. Preventing diversion in physicians' offices and clinics.Pharmacy Purchasing and Products. May 2017; 14(5): 2.
- New K. Uncovering diversion: 6 case studies. Pharmacy Purchasing and Products. January 2018; 15(1): 12
- Schaefer MK, Perz JF. Outbreaks of infections associated with drug diversion by US health care personnel. Mayo Clin Proc. Jul 2014;89(7):878-887.
- Tetzlaff J, Collins GB, Brown DL, Leak BC, Pollock G, Popa D. A strategy to prevent substance abuse in an academic anesthesiology department. J Clin Anesth. Mar 2010;22(2):143-150.
- van Pelt M, Meyer T, Garcia R, Thomas BJ, Litman, RS. Drug diversion in the anesthesia profession: How can Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation help everyone be safe? Report of a meeting sponsored by the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation. AANA J. February 2019; online content.
- Warner AE, Schaefer MK, Patel PR, et al. Outbreak of hepatitis C virus infection associated with narcotics diversion by an hepatitis C virus-infected surgical technician. Am J Infect Control. Jan 2015;43(1):53-58.
Reentry for Anesthesia Professionals
- Angres DH, Bettinardi-Angres K, Cross W. Nurses with Chemical Dependency: Promoting Successful Treatment and Reentry. J Nurs Regul. 2010.
- Earley PH, Berry AJ. Reentry after addiction treatment: research or retrain? Anesthesiology. Jun 2009;110(6):1423-1424; author reply 1426-1428.
- Hamza H, Bryson EO. Buprenorphine maintenance therapy in opioid-addicted health care professionals returning to clinical practice: a hidden controversy. Mayo Clin Proc. Mar 2012;87(3):260-267.
- Hamza H, Bryson EO. Exposure of anesthesia providers in recovery from substance abuse to potential triggering agents. J Clin Anesth. Nov 2011;23(7):552-557.
- Hamza H and Monroe TB. Reentry and Recidivism for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists. J Nurs Regul. 2011;2(1):17-22.
- Hamza H and Compton M. Reentry of the Addicted Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist: A Review of the Literature. J Addict Nurs. 2009;20(4):177-184.
- Lee J. Propofol abuse in professionals. J Korean Med Sci. Dec 2012;27(12):1451-1452.
- Levine AI, Bryson EO. Intranasal self-administration of remifentanil as the foray into opioid abuse by an anesthesia resident. Anesth Analg. Feb 01 2010;110(2):524-525.
- Luck S, Hedrick J. The alarming trend of substance abuse in anesthesia providers. J Perianesth Nurs. Oct 2004;19(5):308-311.
- Lundy J, and McQuillen F.A. Narcotics and the Anesthetist: Professional Hazards. AANA J. 1962. 30(3), 147-176.
- Matthias-Anderson, D and Yurkovich E. Work Reentry for RNs after Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Implications for the Nursing Profession. J Nurs Regulations. Oct 2016;7(3):26-32.
- McLellan AT, Skipper GS, Campbell M, DuPont RL. Five year outcomes in a cohort study of physicians treated for substance use disorders in the United States. BMJ. Nov 04 2008;337:a2038.
- Monroe TB, Kenaga H, Dietrich MS, Carter MA, Cowan RL. The prevalence of employed nurses identified or enrolled in substance use monitoring programs. Nurs Res. Jan-Feb 2013;62(1):10-15.
- Monroe T, Vandoren M, Smith L, Cole J, Kenaga H. Nurses recovering from substance use disorders: a review of policies and position statements. J Nurs Adm. Oct 2011;41(10):415-421.
- Monroe T, Hamza H, Stocks G, Scimeca PD, Cowan R. The misuse and abuse of propofol. Subst Use Misuse. 2011;46(9):1199-1205.
- Monroe T, Kenaga H. Don't ask don't tell: substance abuse and addiction among nurses. J Clin Nurs. Feb 2011;20(3-4):504-509.
- Monroe T, Pearson F, and Kenaga H. Procedures for Handling Cases of Substance Abuse Among Nurses: A Comparison of Disciplinary and Alternative Programs, Journal of Addictions Nursing. 2008;19(3):156-161.
- Oreskovich MR and Caldeiro RM. Environmental Cues and Relapse: An Old Idea That Is New for Reentry of Recovering Anesthesia Care Professionals - Reply - I. Mayo Clin Proc. November 2009;84(11):1041.
- Oreskovich MR, Caldeiro RM. Anesthesiologists recovering from chemical dependency: can they safely return to the operating room? Mayo Clin Proc. Jul 2009;84(7):576-580.
- Seppala MD, Oreskovich MR. Opioid-abusing health care professionals: options for treatment and returning to work after treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. Mar 2012;87(3):213-215.
- Valdes JA. The concept of reentry in the addicted anesthesia provider. AANA J. Apr 2014;82(2):95-100.
- Wilson H. Environmental cues and relapse: an old idea that is new for reentry of recovering anesthesia care professionals. Mayo Clin Proc. Nov 2009;84(11):1040-1041; author reply 1041.
- Wilson H, Compton M. Reentry of the Addicted Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist: A Review of the Literature. J Addict Nurs. December 2009.
- Wright EL, McGuinness T, Schumacher JE, Zwerling A, Moneyham LD. Protective factors against relapse for practicing nurse anesthetists in recovery from anesthetic opiate dependency. J Addict Nurs. Apr-Jun 2014;25(2):66-73.
Stress, Burnout, Depression and Wellness
- Alves SL. A study of occupational stress, scope of practice, and collaboration in nurse anesthetists practicing in anesthesia care team settings. AANA J. Dec 2005;73(6):443-452.
- Averlid G, Axelsson SB. Health-promoting collaboration in anesthesia nursing: a qualitative study of nurse anesthetists in Norway. AANA J. Aug 2012;80(4 Suppl):S74-80.
- Biddle C and Aker J. The National Study of Sleep-Related Behaviors of Nurse Anesthetists: Personal and Professional Implications, AANA J. 2011;79(4):324-331.
- Chipas A, Cordrey D, Floyd D, Grubbs L, Miller S, Tyre B. Stress: Perceptions, Manifestations, and Coping Mechanisms of SRNAs. AANA J. Aug 2012;80(4 Suppl):S49-55.
- Chipas A, McKenna D. Stress and burnout in nurse anesthesia. AANA J. Apr 2011;79(2):122-128.
- Coffey DS, et al. A multifaceted systems approach to addressing stress within health professions education and beyond. NAM. Jan 2017.
- Creswell JD, Taren AA, Lindsay EK, et al. Alterations in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Link Mindfulness Meditation With Reduced Interleukin-6: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Biol Psychiatry. Jul 01 2016;80(1):53-61.
- de Oliveira GS, Jr., Chang R, Fitzgerald PC, et al. The prevalence of burnout and depression and their association with adherence to safety and practice standards: a survey of United States anesthesiology trainees. Anesth Analg. Jul 2013;117(1):182-193.
- Dzau VJ, Kirch DG, Nasca TJ. To Care Is Human - Collectively Confronting the Clinician-Burnout Crisis. N Engl J Med. Jan 2018; 378(4): 213-314.
- Eisenach JH, Sprung J, Clark MM, et al. The psychological and physiological effects of acute occupational stress in new anesthesiology residents: a pilot trial. Anesthesiology. Oct 2014;121(4):878-893.
- Griffin A, Yancey V, Dudley, M. Wellness and Thriving in a SRNA Population. AANA J. Oct 2017;85(5):325-330.
- Hoolahan SE, Greenhouse PK, Hoffmann RL, Lehman LA. Energy capacity model for nurses: the impact of relaxation and restoration. J Nurs Adm. Feb 2012;42(2):103-109.
- Larsson J, Sanner M. Doing a good job and getting something good out of it: on stress and well-being in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. Jul 2010;105(1):34-37.
- Maben, J. A Longitudinal National Evaluation of Schwartz Centre Rounds®: an intervention to enhance compassion in relationships between staff and patients through providing support for staff and promoting their wellbeing. Study protocol only.
- Mahoney CB, Lea J, Jillson I and Meeusen V. Turnover of nurse anesthetists: The similarities and differences between countries. BioMed Central Ltd. 2014;14(2).
- Meeusen V, K VAND, Brown-Mahoney C, A VANZ, Knape H. Burnout, psychosomatic symptoms and job satisfaction among Dutch nurse anaesthetists: a survey. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. May 2010;54(5):616-621.
- Melnyk, BN, et al. A National Study Links Nurses’ Physical and Mental Health to Medical Errors and Perceived Worksite Wellness. J Occup Environ Med. Oct 2017;
- National Academy of Medicine. Nurse Suicide: Breaking the Silence. January 8, 2018.
- Nyssen AS, Hansez I. Stress and burnout in anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. Jun 2008;21(3):406-411.
- Pugliese G. Workplace Joy and Well-Being is Linked to Patient Safety. 2013.
- Shanafelt TD, Dyrbye LN, West CP. Addressing physician burnout: the way forward. JAMA. Feb 2017
- Tarantur N, Deshur M. Anesthesia Professional Burnout - A Clear and Present Danger. APSF Newsletter. Oct 2018;33(2).
- Tucker SJ, Weymiller AJ, Cutshall SM, Rhudy LM, Lohse CM. Stress ratings and health promotion practices among RNs: a case for action. J Nurs Adm. May 2012;42(5):282-292.
Wellness Milestone Articles
Books
- Bryson EO. Addicted Healers: 5 key Signs Your Healthcare Professional May Be Drug Impaired, 2012.
- Crowley K and Morgan C. Re-Entry - A Guide for Nurses Dealing with Substance Use Disorder, 2013
- Davies Scimeca P. From Unbecoming a Nurse to Overcoming Addiction: Candid Self-Portraits of Nurses in Recovery, 2010.
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- Davies Scimeca P. Unbecoming a Nurse: Bypassing the Hidden Chemical Dependency Trap, 2008. Forward written by Sarah Stewart Gomes, daughter of AANA Past President Jan Stewart.
- Higgins Roche B. Substance Abuse Policies for Anesthesia, 2007.
- Kent C and Domino K. A History of Drug Addiction in Anesthesia, Chap The Wondrous Story of Anesthesia, 2014.
- Tunajek S and Quinlan D. "Promoting Professional Wellness," chapter 20 of A Professional Study and Resource Guide for the CRNA: Second Edition