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The first demonstration of the anesthetizing property of ether in America by William T.G. Morton led to the development of modern surgery
Catherine S. Lawrence and other nurses provided anesthesia for surgeons operating on the wounded during the Civil War
Sister Mary Bernard, a Catholic nursing sister at St. Vincent's Hospital in Erie, Pennsylvania, was the first nurse known to have specialized in anesthesia
The administration of open drop ether and chloroform was taught to Sister Aldoza Eltrich at St. John's Hospital in Springfield, IL
Edith and Dinah Graham, who graduated from nursing school in Chicago, IL, administered anesthesia at St. Mary's Hospital of Rochester, MN
Alice Magaw began as nurse anesthetist at St. Mary’s Hospital, Rochester, MN, for Dr. Charles H. Mayo, who would later bestow upon Magaw the title "Mother of Anesthesia" for her mastery of open drop ether
Magaw published "Observations in Anesthesia," the first paper by a nurse anesthetist, in the Northwestern Lancet
Magaw published "Observations on 1092 Cases of Anesthesia from January 1, 1889 to January 1, 1900" in the St. Paul Medical Journal
Florence Henderson became Dr. Charles H. Mayo's anesthetist at St. Mary’s Hospital
1906
Alice Magaw published "A Review of Over 14,000 Surgical Anesthetics" in Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics
Dr. George W. Crile asked Agatha Cobourg Hodgins to become his anesthetist at University Hospitals of Cleveland, Lakeside
Florence Henderson published her first article, "The Nurse as an Anaesthetist," in the September issue of the American Journal of Nursing
Agatha Hodgins and many other nurse anesthetists volunteered in American medical units that provided anesthesia for casualties during World War I
The Lakeside Hospital School of Anesthesia was established by Agatha Hodgins
In Frank v South, the Kentucky Court of Appeals ruled that nurse anesthetist Margaret Hatfield was not engaged in the practice of medicine when she administered anesthesia for surgeon Louis Frank’s cases
Alice M. Hunt received an appointment as instructor of anesthesia with university rank at the Yale Medical School, where she taught until 1948
The Alumnae Association of the Lakeside School of Anesthesia was formed
At the biennial convention of the American Nurses Association in 1930, Agatha Hodgins presented a paper suggesting the organization of nurse anesthetists into a "coherent and acting body"
Agatha Hodgins, together with 47 nurse anesthetists, founded the National Association for Nurse Anesthetists (NANA) on June 17, in Cleveland, Ohio
National Association of Nurse Anesthetists (NANA) incorporated in Ohio on March 12
–First NANA Annual Meeting was held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
–Report of First Annual Meeting of the National Association of Nurse Anesthetists (now the AANA Journal) was first published
–In Chalmers-Francis v Nelson, the California Supreme Court affirmed the Superior Court finding for nurse anesthetist Dagmar Nelson in a ruling that confirmed the legality of nurse anesthesia practice
AANA Headquarters moved from Cleveland, Ohio to Chicago, Illinois
NANA changed its name to the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) and reincorporated in Illinois on October 17
–Bulletin of the National Association of Nurse Anesthetists was renamed Bulletin of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
–The AANA seal, whose design is the Watchful Care of the Sleeper by the Light of the Lamp of Learning, was adopted
Second Lieutenant Mildred Clark, who would later become the first nurse anesthetist to serve as Chief of the Army Nurse Corps, and many other nurse anesthetists provided anesthesia for the wounded in World War II
AANA membership was extended to African-American nurse anesthetists
–AANA administered its first qualifying (certification) examination on June 4
–The Bulletin of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists was renamed The Journal of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
The AANA Assembly of School Faculty was created
–AANA membership was extended to male nurse anesthetists
–First issue of the AANA NewsBulletin was published
–Professional liability insurance was made available to AANA members
Florence A. McQuillen, CRNA, was appointed AANA Executive Director, a position she held for 22 years.
AANA members served in the Korean War
Rev. Francis Przybylski wrote the prayer to St. René, the newly designated patron saint of anesthetists
AANA implemented its program for accrediting nurse anesthesia schools
–Nurse anesthetists were historically recognized in the publication of History of Anesthesia with Emphasis on the Nurse Specialist by Virginia S. Thatcher
–The regional system for electing trustees (now directors) was created
–United States Department of Health Education and Welfare recognized the AANA as the accrediting agency for schools of nurse anesthesia
–Edward T. Lyon, a nurse anesthetist, became the first man to be commissioned in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps
AANA members adopted the credential Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
–AANA honored its10,000th member, Capt. Adele W. French, CRNA, USAF, NC, at the Association’s Friendship Dinner
–Dr. Cameron Meredith, PhD, educational advisor to the Association, became the first non-nurse anesthetist honorary life member of the AANA
–The last refresher course for nurse anesthetists who had not graduated from an approved school of anesthesia and wanted to take the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) qualifying exam ended
–Puerto Rico Association of Nurse Anesthetists became the 52nd state affiliate
AANA members served in Vietnam. Two nurse anesthetists, Lieutenants Jerome E. Olmsted and Kenneth R. Shoemaker, lost their lives in 1967
AANA members approved a voluntary continuing education for CRNAs
AANA became a charter member of the National Federation for Specialty Nursing Organizations
–The AANA Board of Directors adopted the Standards for Nurse Anesthesia Practice
–The Journal of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists publication was renamed the AANA Journal
–Ad Hoc Council on Practice held its first meeting
–Ad Hoc Council on Practice became the Council on Practice
–The Council on Certification of Nurse Anesthetists (CCNA) and the Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs were created
–The Agatha Hodgins Award for Outstanding Accomplishmentwas established to recognize individuals whose foremost dedication to excellence has furthered the art and science of nurse anesthesia
AANA held its first annual meeting independent of the American Hospital Association
AANA members approved mandatory continuing education for CRNAs
–The Council on Recertification of Nurse Anesthetists was established
–AANA purchased the office building at 216 Higgins, Park Ridge, IL
Nurse Training Act was signed into federal law that specifically includes Nurse Anesthetist Traineeships
–AANA’s Guidelines for the Practice of the Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist was adopted
–The Helen Lamb Outstanding Educator Awardwas first presented to a CRNA who has made a significant contribution to the education of nurse anesthetists
–The AANA Education and Research Foundation (now the AANA Foundation) was created
–Public Relations Recognition Award was established to honor and officially recognize the state association, school, group, or CRNA that has contributed the most to the positive image of the nurse anesthesia profession during the year
The Research in Action Award, presented 1984 through 1995, was established to recognize valuable research contributions to the nurse anesthesia progression
AANA’s Position Statement on Chemical Dependency was adopted
–First International Symposium for Nurse Anesthetists was held in Lucerne, Switzerland
–In Bahn v. NME Hospitals, Inc., the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that under certain circumstances that CRNAs working with physicians other than anesthesiologists can compete with anesthesiologists and thus have standing to bring a federal antitrust suit under circumstances prescribed in antitrust law
–Congress passed legislation providing CRNAs direct reimbursement under Medicare Part B, making nurse anesthesia the first nursing specialty/nonphysican group to be accorded direct reimbursement rights under the Medicare program
–AANA Board of Directors endorsed the Harvard Patient Monitoring Standards
–In Oltz v. St. Peters Hospital, Tafford Oltz, CRNA, proved in the Federal Court in Montana that hospital administrators and anesthesiologists conspired to dismiss him from his clinical privileges
–The Clinical Anesthesia Practitioner Awardwas established by the AANA Council on Practice. The award recognizes the accomplishments of CRNAs involved in direct patient care, who have made an important contribution to the advancement of nurse anesthesia practice
–Formation of AANA subsidiary Anesthesia Professional Liability Services and AANA Publishing, Inc.
–The Council on Nurse Anesthesia Practice is renamed the Council for Public Interest in Anesthesia
–Direct reimbursement for CRNAs under Medicare Part B was implemented
–AANA’s Guidelines for Obstetrical Epidural Anesthesia Services were implemented
–The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists(IFNA) in St. Gallen, Switzerland was formed
–Publication of Watchful Care: A History of America’s Nurse Anesthetists by Marianne Bankert
AANA Government Affairs office opened in Washington, DC
–AANA members served in the Persian Gulf War
–The Public Interest in Anesthesia Awardwas established by the Council for Public Interest in Anesthesia. It is presented to a person or group who has made a significant contribution regarding anesthesia safety, quality of care or social or health issues in the field of anesthesia
–Other awards established were: Clinical Instructor of the Year, Didactic Instructor of the Yearand Program Director of the Year.
–AANA purchased the office building at 222 South Prospect, Park Ridge, IL
–AANA National Health Leadership Awardwas first presented to an individual working at the federal government level who had made a significant contribution to the formation of national health policy
AANA subsidiary Prospect Travel, Inc., was formed
–AANA Archives collections were made available to approved researchers
–Council on Accreditation was awarded its first grant for $340,000 by the U.S. Department of Education
–AANA published the book Professional Aspects of Nurse Anesthesia Practice
IFNA Office was established at the AANA headquarters in Park Ridge, IL
–Council on Certification of Nurse Anesthetists administered the certification examination for the first time using computerized adaptive testing
–AANA website went online
–Credit and Transcript Automated Communications System (C-TACS) made CRNA continuing education transcript information available through the AANA web site
–AANA’s Guidelines for Office-Based Anesthesia for CRNAs were implemented
–The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services' Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) published a proposed rule to defer to the states on physician supervision of CRNAs for Medicare cases
–Code of Ethics for the Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetistwas revised and adopted
–Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs required that all programs be at the graduate level - that is, awarding at least a master’s degree
–The Clinical Anesthesia Practitioner Award was renamed the Alice Magaw Outstanding Clinical Practitioner Award
–AANA subsidiary Anesthesia Professional Liability Services changes its name to AANA Insurance Services Services
AANA’s Standards for Office Based Anesthesia Practice were adopted
–First official observance of National Nurse Anesthetists Week (January 9-15)
–HCFA announced it would finalize the rule to defer to the states on physician supervision of CRNAs for Medicare cases
–Designed to educate the public on anesthesia care and other related topics, AnesthesiaPatientSafety.com was launched
–The Ira P. Gunn Award for Outstanding Professional Advocacywas established. It was first awarded in 2001 to an individual who through leadership and/or personal effort has made a highly significant contribution to the preservation and advancement of the nurse anesthesia profession through legislative, legal and/or regulatory efforts
–(January 18)The supervision rule was published in the Federal Register [66 FR 4674] in the last days of the Clinton Administration. Scheduled to go into effect March 19, it removed the federal mandate for physician supervision of CRNAs and placed the supervision decision in the hands of individual states.
–(January 20) The Bush Administration placed a moratorium on implementation of all final rules published but not in effect, delaying implementation of the supervision rule for 60 days.
–(March 19) The Bush administration delay of January 20 was published in the Federal Register [66 FR 15352] which delayed the implementation of the rule to May 18.
–(May 18) Department of Health and Human Services published in the May 18 Federal Register [66 FR 27598] a 180-day delay for the Medicare anesthesia care rule, and a notice that it would propose a new rule on anesthesia care "very shortly." Implementation is delayed to November 14.
–(July 5) The proposed rule was published in Federal Register [66 FR 35395]
–(November 13) The Bush Administration published the final supervision rule in the Federal Register [66 FR 56762] . Identical to the July 5 proposed rule, it kept in place the Medicare mandate of physician supervision of CRNAs while establishing a process by which governors can write to Medicare to opt out of the mandate.
–(December 12) Iowabecame the first state to opt out of the federal physician supervision requirement for nurse anesthetists
–St. Paul Insurance Company, which provided insurance to CRNAs, decided to exit the medical malpractice business
–Additional states to opt out of the federal physician supervision requirement for nurse anesthetists were: Nebraska, Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Mexico
–AANA published A Professional Study and Resource Guide for the CRNA, a substantial revision to and expansion of the popular 1994 book Professional Aspects of Nurse Anesthesia Practice
–The Federal Political Director of the Year Award was first awarded. Established in 2001, the award is presented to an individual who has made a significant contribution to the advancement of the national healthcare agenda of CRNAs.
–AANA Journal goes online September 20, 2002, with back issues from October 1999 through August 2002.
–Kansas opts out of the federal physician supervision requirement for nurse anesthetists.
–The study, "Surgical Mortality and Type of Anesthesia Provider," shows that surgical death rate is not linked to type of provider.
–TheSpeaker Databank launches April 25, 2003. The databank lists speakers who are available to be selected by state associations and others interested in producing continuing education programs for nurse anesthetists.
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